PythonNumber Data Type
In Python, numbers are represented by three distinct types:
- integers (int),
- floating-point numbers (float),
- complex numbers (complex).
Integers (int) : are whole numbers (positive, negative or zero) without any decimal point. For example, 5, -10, and 0 are all integers in Python.
Floating-point numbers (float) : represent real numbers with decimal points or scientific notation. For example, 3.14, 2.0, and -0.1 are all floating-point numbers in Python.
Complex numbers (complex) : are numbers that have a real part and an imaginary part, both represented as floating-point numbers. Complex numbers are represented in Python using the j suffix, for example, 3 + 4j is a complex number with a real part of 3 and an imaginary part of 4.
Here are some examples of using these data types in Python:
x = 5 # integer
y = 3.14 # floating-point number
z = 2 + 3j # complex number
You can perform mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on numbers in Python using arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /) and others.
y = 3.14 # floating-point number
z = 2 + 3j # complex number
Here are the built-in functions for Number data type in Python:
| Function | Explanation |
|---|---|
| abs(x) | Returns the absolute value of a number. |
| pow(x, y) | Returns the value of x to the power of y. |
| round(x, n) | Rounds a number to n decimal places. |
| max(iterable) | Returns the largest item in an iterable or the largest of two or more arguments. |
| min(iterable) | Returns the smallest item in an iterable or the smallest of two or more arguments. |
| sum(iterable) | Returns the sum of all items in an iterable. |
| int(x) | Converts x to an integer. |
| float(x) | Converts x to a floating-point number. |
| complex(real, imag) | Returns a complex number with the value real + imag*j. |
| divmod(x, y) | Returns the quotient and remainder of x divided by y. |
| hex(x) | Converts an integer to a lowercase hexadecimal string. |
| oct(x) | Converts an integer to an octal string. |
| bin(x) | Converts an integer to a binary string. |
| abs() | Returns the absolute value of a number. |
| pow() | Returns the value of x to the power of y. |
| round() | Rounds a number to the nearest integer. |
| floor() | Returns the largest integer less than or equal to a number. |
| ceil() | Returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to a number. |
| sqrt() | Returns the square root of a number. |
| log() | Returns the natural logarithm of a number. |
| log10() | Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number. |
| exp() | Returns e raised to the power of x. |
Note: Some of these functions have additional parameters or variants, please refer to Python documentation for more information.